Researchers have found that cheap equipment can be used to access satellite data.

Researchers from UCSD and UMD discovered that nearly half of global satellite communications are unencrypted, making sensitive data, including military and corporate transmissions, vulnerable to interception. Using less than $800 in off-the-shelf equipment, they intercepted data from geostationary satellites, including airline WiFi, telecom traffic, and military communications. The study revealed that remote infrastructure like offshore cell towers often transmits data via satellite without encryption.

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https://cybernews.com/security/satellite-surveillance-encryption-research/