Quantum computing (QC)—and particularly quantum error correction—has the potential to open up unprecedented business capabilities across a range of industries and applications, including in pharmaceuticals, green technology, finance, and transportation. Surging investments in quantum start-ups in 2024, which were 50 percent higher than in 2023, and faster-than-expected innovation could propel the quantum market to almost $100 billion by 2035, according to our latest Quantum Technology Monitor report. However, the quantum industry continues to face a daunting challenge—noise. Quantum noise emanates from, for instance, the surrounding environment, temperature fluctuations, and neighboring qubits and causes quantum systems to destabilize, leading to decoherence that limits their utility. Depending on the qubit modality (such as superconducting qubits, neutral atoms, and trapped ions), different kinds of noise manifest as technological challenges that require a holistic approach to both hardware and software.

Full report : Quantum error correction—in combination with error detection, suppression, and mitigation—can achieve quantum robustness, enabling a fully fault-tolerant quantum computer.