Quantum computing promises transformative potential for industries and society by solving complex problems more efficiently than classical computers. However, challenges like scalability, high error rates, costs, and a skills gap hinder the commercial realisation of quantum computing. Milestones like IBM’s Flamingo machine and Microsoft’s topological qubits show progress. These advancements, alongside initiatives like the Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, are paving the way for practical applications and greater adoption. Quantum computing represents a transformative approach to processing information, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations far beyond the capabilities of classical computers. At its core, quantum computing employs quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously thanks to properties like superposition and entanglement. This ability allows quantum technologies to solve complex problems more efficiently than traditional binary systems. The development of fault-tolerant quantum computing is essential for minimising errors and ensuring reliable outcomes. Achieving commercial adoption of quantum computing hinges on increasing qubit counts and reducing error rates, as demonstrated by IBM’s Osprey machine with 433 qubits. Visionary efforts are underway to expand this to a 100,000-qubit machine, promising significant advancements.

Full report : Realising quantum computing on a commercial scale.